With House passage of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” H.R. 1, on May 22, the House advanced provisions key to President Trump’s border security and immigration agenda. Title VI of the bill, from the Committee on Homeland Security, contains several spending provisions related to immigration enforcement. It includes $46.5 billion for construction of border barriers, $5 billion for Customs and Border Protection (CBP) facilities and checkpoints, $4.1 billion to hire and train additional border patrol agents and other personnel, more than $2 billion for annual retention bonuses or signing bonuses to eligible agents, and $600 million for recruiting border security personnel. Also related to the administration’s immigration enforcement and deportation efforts, Title VII from the Judiciary Committee contains billions in new spending for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), including $45 billion for detention centers, $14.4 billion to ICE for transportation and removal operations, $8 billion to hire more ICE agents and personnel, $858 million for retention and signing bonuses for ICE agents and personnel, and $600 million for ICE recruitment. It also establishes a range of new and increased immigration-related fees—including those related to visa applications, work authorizations, immigration court proceedings, and form filings—to help offset the cost of the increased spending on enforcement measures.

Follow all Budget Reconciliation 2025 developments in this serial post.